см. введение

Задание I: Повторите грамматические темы:

1. Спряжение глаголов to be, to have.

2. Времена группы Indefinite.

3. Формы неправильных глаголов (irregular verbs).

4. There is/are

Задание II: Прочтите текст

Local anesthetics

Local anesthetics produce a loss of sensation in a specific area as a result of their administration into a restricted region, usually by injection. Thus, local anesthetics are useful in minor surgical procedures, such as the extraction of teeth. The first known and generally used local anesthetic was cocaine.

Local anesthetics cause a temporary blocking conduction along fine nerve (sensory) fibers, producing a temporary loss of pain sensation.

Local anesthetics block conduction of nerve impulses along all types of nerve fibers, including motor nerve fibers that carry impulses from the brain to the periphery. It is a common experience with normal dosages of an anesthetic that pain sensation may be lost while motor function is not impaired.

There are many synthetic local anesthetics available, such as procaine, lidocaine, and tetracaine.

Local anesthetics are useful if it is necessary to induce limited areas of anesthesia. The limited area is achieved largely by the site and method of administration and partly by the physiochemical properties of the drag molecules.

The drug may be injected subcutaneously around sensory nerve endings, enabling minor operations such as tooth extraction. This is called infiltration anesthesia. Some local anesthetics are applied directly to mucous membranes, such as those of the conjunctiva of the eye or those of the nose, throat, larynx, or urethra. This is called surface or topical anesthesia. A familiar example of topical anesthesia is the use of certain local anesthetics in throat lozenges to relieve the pain of a sore throat. Local anesthetics may be injected near a main nerve trunk in a limb to produce what is called conduction or regional nerve block anesthesia. In this situation, local anesthetic blocks conduction in both motor and sensory fibers, and the operation on a limb is possible while the patient remains conscious.

Задание III: Найдите в тексте и выпишите эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний:

1. ограниченная область -

Задание IV. Выпишите из текста глаголы в форме Present Simple 3 л. ед. число и переведите их.

is

Задание V. Отметьте № предложений, которые соответствуют тексту:

1. Motor nerves carry impulses from the brain to the periphery.

2. The first known local anesthetic was non-synthesized. (true)

3. Local anesthetics are useful in tooth extraction. (true)

4. Use of some local anesthetics in throat lozenges is an example of infiltration anesthesia.

5. Nowadays local anesthetics are synthetic. (true)

Задание VI. Переведите следующие слова и словосочетания:

l. loss of sensation -

Задание VII. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:

1. What action do local anesthetics produce?

Задание VIII. Переведите текст письменно.

Местные анестезирующие средства

Задание IX. На следующие вопросы дайте краткие ответы:

1. Are there many synthetic local anesthetics available?

Задание X. Сделайте следующие предложения вопросительными, а потом отрицательными:

1. Local anesthetics are useful in abdominal operations.

Задание XI. Из следующих элементов составьте предложения:

1. to, transmission, of, depends on, information, The, of, pain, the, brain, feeling.

Задание XII. Вставьте соответствующую форму глагола to be и переведите предложения:

1. There are different types of local anesthetics administration.

Задание XIII. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на конструкцию there is/ there are:

1. There is a variety of different anti-inflammatory drugs in our country.

Задание XIV. Напишите три формы следующих глаголов:

fall

fell

fallen

Задание XV. Определите часть речи данных слов и переведите их:

Direct (verb) направлять - indirect (adj.) непрямой - directly (adv). прямо - direction (noun) направление

нет

Примечаний нет.