см. введение

Контрольная работа №1

Вариант 4

I. Запишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на значение слова there.

1. In Moscow there are many places of interest, that is why a lot of tourists come there every year.

II. Запишите и переведите предложения. Объясните, на что указывает в слове pilot окончание -s, как с апострофом ('). так и без него:

а) глагол-сказуемое в Present Simple в 3-м лице единственного числа;

б) множественное число имени существительного;

в) притяжательный падеж имени существительного, стоящего в единственном или во множественном числе.

1. In the pilot's cabin of a new airplane there is a lot of up-to-date devices.

III. Запишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на особенности перевода имени существительного с левым определением.

1. Modern house construction needs strong materials and skillful labor force.

IV. Запишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на степени сравнения прилагательного и наречия.

1. The lowest temperature on the Pluto (Плутон) is below 200 degrees.

V. Запишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на значение неопределенных и отрицательных местоимений,

1. We needed some 20 minutes to check and adjust the measuring instrument.

VI. Запишите предложения. Выпишите из них сказуемые, определите их видо-временные формы и укажите их инфинитив. Переведите предложения.

1. Our researchers have developed a new non-metallic, synthetic material.

VII. Прочитайте весь текст и постарайтесь понять его содержание. Перепишите и письменно переведите абзацы 2,3,4 и 5.

GREAT BRITAIN

1. The United Kingdom or Great Britain consists of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. It is a highly developed industrial country. There is no other country in the world with such a small proportion of the population working in agriculture. The pattern of industry organization is varied. There are both very small workshops and huge organizations with a large number of workers.

VIII. Прочитайте 6-й абзац текста и ответьте на вопрос: Is the research work of Britain's higher schools connected with the pattern of its industrial development? Запишите и переведите вопрос и ответ.

Is the research work of Britain's higher schools connected with the pattern of its industrial development?

Контрольная работа №2

Вариант 4

I. Запишите предложения. Выпишите из них сказуемые, определите их видо-временные формы и залог. Переведите, обращая особое внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.

1. Many scientists from different countries entered the new field of radioactivity.

2. Automation is being increasingly used in all branches of national economy.

3. It is not surprising that every great discovery is much spoken about.

4. High speed electronic machines have introduced great changes in making mathematical calculations.

III. Запишите предложения и подчеркните в них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите.

1. Our laboratory hasjp investigate a series of accidents that have taken place in the locality within the last three months.

2. Every future electrician should know such terms as elecrtric current, voltage, electric motive force and resistance.

3. Pressures in our experimental work will not be allowed to exceed 5,500 psi (pounds per square inch).

4. For a long time scientists were unable to discover the secret of the atom.

IV. Запишите и, переведите предложения, обращая внимание на разные значения слова it.

1. The Sun is a huge source of energy; it produces all our food and fuel.

2. It is obvious that we have to do all possible to reduce atmospheric pollution.

3. It was Sergei Lebedev who worked out the method for the industrial production of synthetic rubber.

V. Прочитайте весь текст и постарайтесь понять его содержание. Перепишите и письменно переведите абзацы 1, 4, 5 и 6.

PYOTR KAPITSA

1. The name of Pyotr.Leonidovich Kapitsa speaks for itself: in history of physics there are few scientists that can be placed next to him.

2. Kapitsa was the son of a general, a famous military engineer who had built the Kronstadt fortress. He graduated from the electromechanical faculty of the Petersburg Polytechnic Institute - perhaps the best technical educational establishment in Russia at that time. It was there that he took interest in physres.

3. In 1921 Kapitsa was sent abroad to continue studying. The young physicist attracted universal attention at the world-famous Cavendish Laboratory headed by Ernest Rutherford, the founder of experimental nuclear physics. Very soon Kapitsa established an unusual record - he

completed the laboratory course in two weeks instead of the usual two years. After that, Rutherford took personal interest in him and Kapitsa became his favorite pupil.

4. In 1934 Kapitsa returned rx) Russia and was appointed a director of the Institute of Physical Problems. During the war years he began to work in an entirely new field of science and technology - high-power (высоковольтный) electronics.

5. It is known today that electronics means small currents. Electronic devices - electronic tubes, for example, - operate on electrons, that is, particles having a very small mass and a very high mobility. At that time scientists thought that it was impossible to transmit great amounts of power over long distances by means of electronics. Kapitsa disproved this "axiomatic truth" and showed that the electrons were able to transmit millions of kilowatts of energy over great distances.

6. Kapitsa's high-power electronics has a fantastic future. Electric power will flow all over the country. Using waveguides (волновод) mankind will be able to send it directly to Earth satellites and orbital stations in space.

VI. Просмотрите абзац 3 и выберите из предложенных вариантов правильное продолжение предложения: A lot of scientists were interested in Kapitsa ... . Запишите всё предложение и переведите его.

1) because he was Rutherford's favorite pupil.

2) because he needed only two weeks to complete his study.

3) because he was the head of the Cavendish Laboratory.

Контрольная работа №3

Вариант 4

I. Запишите предложения. Выпишите из них сказуемые, определите их видо-временные формы и залог. Переведите.

1. Experts in construction technologies have been shown some types of new building materials.

2 The water wjil_piiss through steam generators producing saturated steam with a pressure of 29 atmospheres.

3. The results of calculation are influenced by the calculation method.

4. The operator had to replace only one part in that device.

II. Запишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на разные значения слов that (those) и one (ones).

1. The price of tin is higher than that of copper.

2. There are many factors that destroy the environment but the main one is water and air pollution.

3. We know that many of the Kuznetsk coals are easier to mine than the Donetsk ones.

4. One could use two types of the reactor to obtain the desired results.

III. Запишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на разные значения глаголов to be, to have, to do.

1. The exploitation of water resources is growing, due to the development of industry and expansion of agricultural lands.'

2. Thomas Edison was a true genius but he had never attended any college or university. ,r

3. In what way dj)es_science help keep peace in the world?

4. The staff of the laboratory had to test the equipment within a week.

IV. Запишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на бессоюзные дополнительные и определительные придаточные предложения.

1. Many problems we are solving today have been caused by man's economic activity.

2. Scientists believe this protective coating will withstand solar radiation without changing its properties.

V. Запишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива (Infinitive).

1. The temperature to be measured with this thermometer cannot be lower than 50 degrees by Centigrade."

2. The principle of radar is to send out an impulse of energy and then listen to the echo.

3. To make accurate measurements several parameters must be known.

4. To see extremely small objects is impossible without modern microscopes.

VI. Прочитайте весь текст и постарайтесь понять его содержание. Перепишите и письменно переведите абзацы 1, 2 и 4.

SOURCES OF ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION

1. There are natural and artificial sources of atmospheric pollution. The former include active volcanoes, dust storms, forest fires and some other factors. Artificial sources appeared due to the development of cities and industry. Because of its heating system every industrial enterprise as well as automobile pollutes the atmosphere and influences the local climate. Scientists have established that the larger is the population of an urban area, the greater is the level of air pollution.

2. Any industrial process is accompanied with emission of dangerous gases and industrial dust. Daily emission of an electric power plant, for example, burning 2,000 tons of coal a day, is about 400 tons of S02 gas. One can name such great air polluters as thermal power stations, metallurgical, chemical, cement and many other plants.

3. A very serious source of atmospheric pollution is the automobile. Being a very convenient means of transportation, the automobile at the same time emits huge amounts of fumes. To make them less toxic special measures have to be taken. We know engineers are working at such problems as development of more efficient carburetors and less toxic fuels, neutralization of fumes, development of electric automobiles and others.

4. The problem of atmospheric pollution by radioactive elements dates back to the atomic bombs dropped on the Japanese cities (1945). Although released into the atmosphere, the radioactive products fall on the earth, spreading over many kilometers. That is why we face a global "Man and the Biosphere" problem which cannot be solved by the efforts of any one country.

VII. Просмотрите 3-й абзац и ответьте на вопрос: What are the main advantage and disadvantage of the automobile? Запищите и переведите вопрос и ответ.

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работа не полностью